Explaining crime many specialists repeatedly paid their attention to the large complex of outdoor factors (for instance biological, sociological, economical and so on). That is why the challenge of crime is an actual point not only among sociologists, but also among representatives of other scientific disciplines. Thus, for example, Italian criminalist Ch.Lombraso was one of those who examined entire system of factors, determining crime. Besides, he was the first one who tried to find out the reason of women´s crime that was repeatedly investigated in other countries.
The problem of female crime wasn´t the point of studying in Russia, inasmuch as it appeared that less crimes in Russia committed by women then those committed by men. Thus, for example, in 1897 only 15% of convicted were women, though the main plenty was 106387 people[1]. It is also known that women may drift into crime, but they only rarely pursue criminal careers. Many scientists considered such position to be bounded up with weak social activity of women in pre-revolutionary Russia.
But if to judge about the female crime in common, the rise of crimes among women is evident, despite the fact that the weight of it continues being stable and keeps 10 - 18% level. Though, for example, 178 crimes in 2005 were committed by women (it comes 13,7% to total amount of people committed crimes)[2]. At that, plenty of scientists consider felonious behavior of women to be caused by their emancipation. Though, it recently was accepted to think that the main reason of antisocial behavior of women was their wish to provide for their family.
Historically in all communities female labor has been resulted as hard and poorly-paid as compared with men. So evidently that such types of crimes as prostitution and theft are spread among young women. The fact is that low property level always made women cut many attractive values of modern youth down: fashionable clothes, clubs, parties and so on. Undoubtly, it causes feel of infringements and deeply jaundices women. This fact quite often makes them commit crimes concerning mercenariness or prostitution. Thus, for example, according to official statistics of MIA of late six months of this year there were committed 125591 crimes by women; 8548 of them are under age[3].
Secondary role among crimes in Russian Federation belongs to diffusion and using drugs and psychotropic agents, so as their analogs. It sharply concerns such boundary inhabited localities as Astrakhan region, because it stands as transit of narcotic drugs from Middle Asia to Europe. As a rule, drug transportation puts into practice with the help of autotransport, train and by ship through Caspian Sea (for example Turkmenbashi - Astrakhan)[4].
According to statistics, middle percentage of crimes, committed on the territory of Astrakhan region concerns 0,2%. Among them 6,9% Astrakhan women commit crimes. Almost all delinquents are women of 16 and more years old. According to the level of education, the largest part belongs to women with school (63%) and college education (21%), and then there are women with higher education (3,5%). As always, common mass of junkies belongs to women without confident source of profit, among them 1,3% of pupils and 1,6% of students.
Coming back to the problem of female crimes, it´s necessary to notice, that its difficulty and incurability is stipulated by difficulties in process of resocialization that is much harder to overcome for women then those by men. Also a women committing crimes has the most dangerous influence on society. It causes invaluable development of family where the most important role in bringing up new generation belongs to a woman. That is why the problem of female crime is the most actual nowadays and demands especial attention of government and society in general.
The article is admitted to the International Scientific Conference "Fundamental and applied research. Education, economics and right"; Italy (Rimini), September 8-15, 2007; came to the editorial office on 25.07.07
[1] Source: D.A. Lee Crime as a social phenomenon. Moscow., 1997 p. 121 - 122
[2] www.mvdinform.ru
[3] www.mvdinform.ru
[4] http://atlas.socpol.ru