The biological sense of inflammation as an evolutionally formed process lies in delimitation and elimination of the lesion and causing it pathogenic factors. In the infant state of the infectious agent damage of the epithelial barrier a local inflammatory response progression occurs, redistribution of cells from the blood bed to the inflammatory tissue and intensification of proinflammatory cytokines output (Tsuboushi S., 1981). In the initiation and regulation of cellular and antibody responsiveness macrophages take part by antigen presentation to lymphoid cells and because of their possessing a powerful phagocytic and lytic potential, the presence phagocytotic vesicles in their cytoplasm, the ability to release compliment components and also various cytokines output. A macrophage is an elementary cell regulating regenerative processes by cytokines output, the transition from the inflammatory response and alteration of the epithelial barrier to its neogenesis (Yarilin A.A., 1996, 1997, 1999). At the same time the enzymes released by macrophages, proteolytic enzymes in particular, can damage surrounding tissues and give ride to secondary inflammatory alterations, thus promoting the process´s chronization in the epithelial plates (Roncucci L., 1988). Macrophages influence cytodifferentiation, migration, poliferation and functions of monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes. In the focus of primary acute inflammation macrophages make less than 5% of infiltrative cells, yielding in number to granulocytes. On the second-third day from the beginning of alteration macrophages become a predominant cellular pool of the infiltrate, succeeding quickly tumbling granulocytes. The migration of monocytes from the blood flow into tissues is mediated by the expression of integrin adhesion molecules CD18+ , IL-6, INF- , TNF-a (Ohtsuka Y.,2001) on monocytes and endotheliocytes. After the adhesion to endothelial cells and successful cooping of the endothelial barrier by diapedesis and transepithelial migration, the monocyte makes land downstream the affected epithelium region or pocket of infection influenced by the corresponding chemoattractants. The chemoattractant function is performed by the components and decay products of microbes, the bacterial LPS in particular, and also the tissues´ breakdown products (Paltsev M.A., 1996). The cells´ movement with no such a gradient bears an irregular character and is called "random migration". When binding the LPS/LPB and the cellular form of myelocytes the cell eating of gram-negative bacteria is intensified, the cell-mediated response to low concentrations of LPS. When binding the LPS/LPB and the soluble form of CD14 a triple complex, which is identified by the receptors of endothelial, epithelial and dendritic cells of Langerhans, is formed, and then the induction of the inflammatory response to LPS occurs. Such reactions bear local character and prevent the incidence (Roncucci L., 1988). The binding of the LPS/LPB complex and CD14 monocytes can be over with the LPS internalization without the induction of the inflammatory process.
In the early stage of inflammation the bacterial LPS or the agent of viral nature, affecting epithelial cells, induce the release by epithelial cells of proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1 and TNF-а in particular (Bacon K., 1998). Besides, when damaging the epithelial barrier, macrophages, being antigen-presenting cells and affecting through the receptor apparatus of immunocompetent cells, induce them to release proinflammatory cytokines mediating the activation of specific and nonspecific immune responses, as well.
The number reduction of cells examined in populations´ peripheral blood in the acute period of sickness at various virulent diseases attended by the damage and partial damage of mucous coats´ and epidermis´s epithelial plates cannot be interpreted as a being formed immunodeficiency disease, but should be considered as variable immunodeficiency, due to the fact that the number of immunocytes increases within the local inflammatory nidus. The given phenomenon is considered as redistribution and activation of immunocytes with local inflammatory nidus in the body. In the opinion of Steinman R. (1999), at tissues´ damage and local action of pathogens the regenerative processes are attended by a frank infiltration by lymphocytes, plasma cells, polinuclears, and singular eosinophiles. The author showed that with a pathological focus available, in case of need to release the regeneration process, the activation of lymphopoiesis and migration of lymphocytes from the immunopoesis central organs, which passed the antigen independent differentiation, into the regenerating epithelial plate. The immune cells´ migration into the epithelial barrier and through it onto its surface plays an important role in immune and inflammatory processes.
The epithelial barrier´s protective function in many ways is defined by the local immunity state, the interaction of the cells of the immune system of the epithelial plates´ adjacent collagen structures, and also the number, spectrotype, potency of immunocytes, level of released by them cytokines and other cellular modulators.
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The article is admitted to the International Scientific Conference "Section of young scientists and students"; Italy (Rimini), September 8-15, 2007; came to the editorial office on 19.07.07