Based on the above mentioned we experimentally studied plasmatic content of the TFI markers and TT changes at estrogen ethinyl estradiol (EE) and gestagen levonorgestrel (LNG) introduction in the context of LPO and AOP intensity in thrombocytes.
Methods: In experiments on white female rats (458 species, 170±15 g), fed with viscous consistency ration (barley and oat cereals mixture with oil), we studied the EE, LNG, prooxidant (lead acetate) and antioxidant - dimephosphon (DM), introduced with the morning portion of the ration, effects. Blood samples were taken from v. jugularis from fixed rats (narcosis - diethyl ether). The content of monomeric fibrin soluble complexes (MFSC) [18], fibrin degradation products (FDP) [15], D-dimers ("D-dimer test"-set of the firm Roche), Р3 and Р4 [10] factors, thrombin reacting fibrinogen concentration [14] and thrombin tolerance (TT) [13] were defined in the plasma. The content of diene conjugates (DC) was found out by optical density (l - 232 nm) of heptanic phase; the content of lipid peroxides, reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBA), was defined by fluorescence intensity (l - 510 nm, fluorimeter "Bian130"). By the oxidation rate (OR) and induction period (IP) it was judged about the antioxidant potential (AOP) [21]. The results were evaluated by the method of variance analysis for small observational series, computing the average arithmetic (M), its average error (m), root-mean-square error (σ), confidence coefficient of Student (t) and the degree of difference possibility (p).
TFI and TT markers at EE introduction. The experiments of this family were carried out according to the scheme: the first group rats got the plain ration (control), the second one - the ration with EE (4 mcg/kg), the third - the ration with DM (1 g/kg), the fourth - the ration with DM (1 g/kg) and EE (4 mcg/kg). The samples were taken on the thirtieth day.
The EE introduction (table 1) increased the fibrinogen level and also those of FDP, FSC, D-dimers, Р3 and Р4 [10] factors, the content of DC, TBA, decreased the IP and increased the OR, i.e. accelerated the LPO rate and reduced the AOP. The DM introduction didn´t influence the TFI markers, but reduced the LPO rate and increased the AOP. The DM and EE introduction eliminated the TFI shifts caused by EE. The content of DC and TBA turned out to be lower than in the control, the IP lengthened and the OR reduced. The thrombin tolerance decreased at the EE introduction and normalized at the introduction of EE+DM.
Table 1. TFI markers and thrombin tolerance in the rats fed with EE (4 mcg/kg), ДМ (1 g/kg) or EE+DM for 30 days|
Factors |
Experiment groups (n = 10 in a group) |
|||
|
|
Control (plain) |
EE introduction |
DM introduction |
EE+DM introduction |
|
FG, g/l |
2.6±0,22 |
3.4±0,11* |
2,4±0.22 |
3,3±0,24* |
|
FDP, mg% |
15,3±1,1 |
20,1±1,2* |
14,8±0,8 |
16,5±1,7 |
|
MFSC, mcg/ml |
22.0±0.9 |
26.9±0.8* |
21.9±1.2 |
23.9±1.9+ |
|
D-D, ng/ml |
0.18±0.03 |
0.26±0.04 * |
0.17±0.03 |
0.17±0.04+ |
|
F. Р3,% |
82,5±1,0 |
89,9±1,3* |
79,7±1,3 |
84.0±1,3+ |
|
F.Р4, с |
2.3±0,01 |
3,1±0,03* |
2,2±0,04 |
2.4±0,01+ |
|
DC, А/mg of a lipid |
0,082±0,002 |
0,094±0,003* |
0,075±0.002* |
0,078±0,002+ |
|
TBA, unit/mg of a lipid |
0,21±0,005 |
0,32±0,002* |
0,17±0,004* |
0,22±0,003+ |
|
IP, min/ml |
45.1±1.8 |
37.5±1.1* |
52.7±2.1 |
47.5±1.3+ |
|
OR, mm3/ml/min |
0.74±0.02 |
0.80±0.03* |
0.62±0.03 |
0.73±0.03+ |
|
TT, % |
100±4.9 |
61.2±3.4* |
105±3.4 |
98.7±4.5 |
Symbols and notations: FG - fibrinogen, FDP - fibrin degradation products, MFSC - monomeric fibrin soluble complexes, D-D - D-dimers, F. - factor, DC - diene conjugates, TBA - products reacting with TBA, IP - induction period, A - optic density, OR - oxidation rate, DM - dimephosphon, TT - thrombin tolerance; * sign - authentic differences when compared to the first, + - to the second column.
In the second series of the experiments (the scheme is the same) the samples were taken on the 10th, 20th and 30th day and it was found out the following: at EE introduction, especially with lead, the LPO shifts are more noticeable; at EE, lead and DM introduction there are no shifts, i.e. the lower LPO and higher AOP - the higher TT; the lower AOP - the lower TT. Probably, the TT (which characterizes animals´ ability to stand hyperthrombinemia) decreases at the LPO acceleration revealed simultaneously with the growth of the TFI markers level and increases at the AOP increase, i.e. at the TFI markers level decrease.
Intensity of TFI, LPO, AOP and TT at LNG introduction. The LNG dose (6.4 mcg/kg) is higher than that of EE as well as the content of LNG in preparations for combined oral contraception. The scheme of the experiments is the same.
Signs and notations: as in table 1.
From the data of table 2 it is seen that at LNG introduction the TFI, fibrinogen, LPO, AOP and TT markers level shifts are similar, but less signified than at EE introduction. At simultaneous introduction of LNG and DM hemostatic shifts there are no changes of the LPO, AOP and TT occurred.
While studying the dynamics of the caused by LNG shifts occurrence, we carried out an experiment analogous to the one with EE. It appeared that the LPO acceleration and growth of the TFI markers level at the LNG introduction, especially with a prooxidant (lead), are more vivid; at simultaneous introduction of LNG, prooxidant and DM shifts never appeared. As in the experiments with EE the TFI markers level changes and LPO acceleration appear simultaneously, and the TT shifts are opposite on the directivity to the LPO shifts.
Table 2. TFI markers and TT in rats fed with LNG (6.4 mcg/kg), DM or LNG+DM for 30 days
|
Factors |
Experiment groups (n = 10 in a group) |
|||
|
|
Control (plain), n -9 |
LNG introduction, n -10 |
DM introduction n -10 |
LNG+DM introduction, n -10 |
|
FG, g/l |
2.5±0,21 |
3.2±0,10* |
2,5±0.23+ |
2,9±0,12*+ |
|
FDP, mg% |
15,8±0,8 |
18,1±0,9* |
14,8±0,8+ |
16,0±1,0+ |
|
MFSC, mcg/ml |
22.3±0.8 |
25.1±0.7* |
21.1±1.1+ |
23.3±.9+ |
|
D-D, ng/ml |
0.17±0.02 |
0.21±0.02* |
0.18±0.02+ |
0.17±0.03+ |
|
Ф. Р3,% |
81,1±1,0 |
85,9±1,0* |
79,9±1,1+ |
82.1±1,1+ |
|
F.Р4, с |
2.4±0,02 |
2,8±0,02* |
2,3±0,03+ |
2.4±0,02+ |
|
DC, А/mg of a lipid |
0,085±0,003 |
0,093±0,002* |
0,076±0.002* |
0,077±0,003+ |
|
TBA, unit/ mg of a lipid |
0,23±0,004 |
0,30±0,002* |
0,18±0,003*+ |
0,23±0,004+ |
|
IP, min/ml |
44.8±1.6 |
38.9±1.0* |
52.1±1.8*+ |
47.9±1.2+ |
|
OR, m3/ml/min |
0.76±0.03 |
0.83±0.03* |
0.64±0.02*+ |
0.74±0.04+ |
|
TT, % |
100±3.9 |
72.2±3.7* |
104±5.4 |
99.5±4.5 |
Further it was testified that with the EE or LNG dose increase 2, 3 and 4-fold the TFI, LPO, and AOP markers level shifts surplus is not in proportion to the dose - the increase of the dose 2, 3 and 4-fold intensifies the shifts only 1.2, 2.4 and 3.0-fold accordingly. At simultaneous EE and LNG introduction in all tested doses the TFI markers level shifts and LPO rate summarized incompletely, with the dosage increase the summation degree reduced.
Conclusions
- At oral introduction in the dosage equivalent to antiovulatory dose for a human being EE lowers the AOP, accelerates the LPO and TFI and reduces the TT. The effects intensify with the introduction duration increase.
- Oral introduction of LNG in equivalent doses causes less signified LPO, AOP, TFI and TT shifts of the same directivity intensifying with the introduction duration increase.
- At combined introduction of EE and LNG their effects on the TFI, LPO and AOP summarize only partially.
- An antioxidant (DM) introduction simultaneously with EE or LNG eliminates their effects on the LPO, AOP and TFI.
- Between the AOP of thrombocytes and TT there is a close, and between the LPO acceleration degree and TT - inverse, relationship.
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The article is admitted to the International Scientific Conference " Fundamental and applied problems of medicine and biology"; Italy (Sicily), July 15-22, 2007г.; came to the editorial office on 26.06.07