Theorem
A limit set in an arbitrary point 
of any tri-analytic function
, (1)
prescribed in some deleted neighborhood of this point, consists of a point (finite or infinite), or a line of the plane 
, or grouping of two lines, or a half-line, or a parabola of the second order, or a circle, or a Pascal snail of any of the four kinds with the isolated point elimination, or finally, is total, i.e. coincides with the whole plane ; here and further the lines, half-lines and parabolas of the plane being considered as completed with 
point.
Vice versa, for a point 
and a set 
, which is a line or a grouping of two arbitrary lines (parallel or concurrent), or a half-line, or a parabola of the second order, or a circle, or a Pascal snail of any of the four kinds with the isolated point elimination, or finally, for 
with c as an arbitrary point of the plane , a tri-analytic function 
with analytical components - rational functions from the field 
, for which 
, exists.
Deduction
If the point is an essentially singularity for at least one analytic function 
, it is the only case when 
is total, i.e. coincides with [3-4, 7].
Now let the point be not an essential singularity for none of the analytic components of the tri-analytic function , but then a representation (3) of [10] takes place, if 
, or an analog representation for the function 
in some deleted neighborhood of the null point. Now the structure of the limit set will be fully defined by the corresponding functions 
и 
[5, 10] (the function 
can be ignored, as 
).
If 
, and 
, then
; and if and is not identical to the constant, then 
where 
is a unit circle and 
is a first or second degree polynomial [5, 9, 10] from the ring 
. In the first case 
is, obviously, a circle; and in the second one - a Pascal snail of any of the four kinds [11] or again a circle.
The given conclusion for the second case results from an easily fixed auxiliary fact.
Lemma
The image of the circle with mapping given by a second degree polynomial 
will be:
with 
- a circle of radius 
and centre 
;
with 
- a Pascal snail (with its isolated point elimination), the snail having a juncture if 
; the snail being a cardioid with a cuspidal point if 
; the snail having the only point in which right and left tangents coincide (and the snail will have two flex points) if если 
; the snail having the only one tangent in its every point , but not having a cuspidal point if 
.
Deduction
Taking 
and , let us assume the polynomial , as follows
.
Now let us write a nonvanishing number 
in an exponential form 
with 
, 
, and finally, reduce the polynomial to the form
.
Now, obviously, it is enough to clear up what is the image of the unit circle with mapping given by the following auxiliary polynomial:
, with 
; but if 
with 
, then 
,
that means [11]:
is a Pascal snail (with the isolated point elimination) with the parameters 
and 
, which is biased to the vector 
. The lemma is proved.
Now let the function be not identical to the constant. Then 
or is a join of a finite number of nontrivial polynomial lines augmented with point. The last situation for tri-analytic functions needs to be specified (1). To do it we have to change the function with the corresponding constant [5, p. 58], then apply the described in [5] (theorem 3.1) poly-analytic property deflation mode of the function . The made transformations allow to make sure that the above join can be a line, or a grouping of two lines, or a half-line, or a parabola of the second order (with adding to every of these sets point).
As a supplement to the deduction of the first part of the theorem it is worth taking into account the first part of the theorem 3.2 from [5], and also the possibility to transform the case 
to the case (and vice versa) by means of a simple change of the variables - changing symbol 
into the expression 
and multiplying the given function by the fraction 
with the further considering of this factor´s possibility to converge to one of not more than two complex numbers ([5], p. 57).
The deduction of the second part of the theorem becomes easy when denoting concrete samples of realization of all the numerated in the theorem cases, the structuring of the corresponding samples being obvious or being contained in [5,6].
Note
It is obvious that the given theorem allows to offer a more delicate classification of isolated singularities of tri-analytic functions compared to the classification of these points for poly-analytic general functions, and namely, to excel, alongside with the essential singularity, removable (on continuity) singularity and a pole, four kinds of l- and o-points more.
Literature
- Marushevich A.I. Theory of Analytic Functions: 2V. - M.: Science/Nauka, 1967. - V.1. - p.488.
- Collingwood E., Lovater A. Theory of Limit Sets. - M.: World/Mir, 1971.- p. 312.
- Balk M.B. Poly-analytic Functions and Their Synthesis // INT. Contemporary Mathematical Problems. Fundamental Directions. - M., 1991.- T. 85.- p. 187-254.
- Balk M.B. Polyanalytic Functions. Mathematical Research. - Berlin: Akad.- Verlag, 1991.- T. 63.
- Gomonov S.A. About the System of Limit Sets of Poly-analytic Functions in Exceptional Isolated Points // Mathematica Montisnigri 5(1995).- Podgoritsa, 1995.- С. 27-64.
- Gomonov S.A. About the Application of Algebraic Functions to the Research of Limit Sets in point of Poly-analytic Polynomials // Some Questions of the Theory of Polyanalytic Functions and Their Synthesis: Interuniversity Collection of Scientific Papers / Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute. - Smolensk, 1991. - p. 16-42.
- Balk M.B., Polukhin A.A. The Limit Set of Single-Valued Analytic Function in Its Exceptional Isolated Point // Smolensk Mathematical Collection / Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute. - Smolensk, 1970. - V.3. - p. 3-12.
- Gomonov S.A. About Theorem of Sokhotsky-Weierstrass for Tri-analytic Functions // Research on Boundary Value Problems of Complex Analysis and Differential Equations / Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute. - Smolensk, 2001. - №3. - p. 39-49.
- Gomonov S.A. Theorem of Sokhotsky-Weierstrass for Tri-analytic Functions // Mathematica Montisnigri 16 (2003).- p. 25-35.
- Gomonov S.A. On the Sokhotski-Weierstrass theorem for polyanalytic functions // European Journal of Natural History.- London, 2006, N2.- p. 83-85.
- Bronstein I.N., Semendyayev K. A. Reference Book on Mathematics for Engineers and Students of Technical Higher Schools. - M.: Science/Nauka, 1986. - p. 544.
The article is admitted to the International Scientific Conference "Fundamental Research", Dominican Republic, 2007, April 10-20; came to the editorial office on 22.12.06