At the present stage of development of agricultural science researchers poses increasing challenges for the development and justification of resource, economically balanced irrigation technologies.
When you create a strong forage base in Russia are very important crops that can provide high and stable yields of green and dry matter in extreme conditions. Important role in this regard can play different uses of sorghum - sugar, grain, silage, Sudan grass.
Sorghumthanks to high drought tolerance, low demands for nutrients and soil, can be grown with critical folding climatic conditions. Competitive advantages over other sorghum crops: high yield, lower seeding rate and costs for the purchase of seeds, high ecological plasticity, universality of use; polividnost.
However, the sowing of this crop under irrigation cover small area, and the harvests very low, apparently connected with the imperfection of the technology of cultivation of this crop.
Sweet sorghum on the irrigated lands can create 80...100 tons of green matter per hectare, sorgovye culture, with higher zharovynoslivost and drought, and same time stability in terms of productivity, while at the same time respond well irrigation, while ensuring high standards of small the irrigation crop increment. This property is required to use the shortage of irrigation water, well as in the planning culture in the conventionally irrigated lands - the satellites.
The green assembly line of forage annual crops, sorghum is a cost-effective: in the first place: good sorghum regrowth after cutting, which makes it possible to obtain non-irrigated lands 2...3, and on irrigation - to 4 mowing the green mass yield and with 40...50, 100 or more tons per 1 ha. Secondly, the rate of seeding sorghum in 3...5 times less corn, about 10 times less than legume-grass mixtures, and yields - significantly exceeds the last. Third, the use of varieties and hybrids sorgovyh cultures of different groups of maturity and planting them at different times, achieved the guaranteed food supply specifically identified in the periods and as necessary. The time for receipt of the green mass can be changed depending on the difficult conditions without significantly affecting on the overall performance of the crops, that not observed in the other annual crops with odnoukosnyh.
Ability of plants to sugar sorghum accumulate large amount of soluble sugars making it potential sources raw materials for food industry. In areas with hot and dry climate to solve the problem of sugar beet due to difficult and sometimes impossible. Sweet sorghum how drought-resistant, high-yield and zharovynoslivaya culture in these conditions is the indispensable saharonosom.
For obtaining the stems with high content of sugars in the juice of sweet sorghum, when grown in his Volga delta on several soil types, and processing of thick extract of sweet sorghum as well as for the beverage industry functionality on its base with the addition of extracts of other plants is considered the feasibility of building new processing plants sweet sorghum.
The work is submitted to the international scientific conference «Modern science technology», Spain (Tenerife), November, 18-25, 2011, came to the editorial office on 23.11.2011.