The article discusses the history of the role of foreign experts in the development of Kazakhstan’s oil industry and on training local people in technical competence 1910 – 1920 years.
The company, named the first oil partnership in Kazakhstan, was originally established in St. Petersburg under the leadership of Colonel A. Lehmann, and in the years 1898–1909 was called Guriev oil firm A. Lehmann [1, l 9–10].
Prior to the establishment of a breakthrough in 1898 with 60 wells using manual drilling installations in Dossor, Eskene, Karachungule and Karaton. In early 1899 work of the institution it completely ruled AN Lehman, which made the work much progressed. In Karachungule in one of the wells to a depth of 38–75 m, namely the number of wells in the middle of 7 November 1899 on a 40-meter depth was discovered oil gusher. From the well, which offered 22–25 tons per day, was received 5,000 tons of oil. It was the first oil gusher in Kazakhstan [2, l 1–12].
In 1910 A.N. Leman Russian government is seeking permission for foreign entrepreneurs and December 22, 1910 together with the citizens of the United Kingdom Edward Yum – Shvederem and Otto Adol’fovich sheets are created oil company «Ural-Caspian» [3, l 67].
It was a great first step in bringing the English capital.
Company «Ural-Caspian» was given a special privilege to November 12, 1912 for razvedovaniya deposits and holding prey, and other works in the townships was Karabayly, Karashogyr, Embu, Embu – Arbat Kermekas, Akbas, Zhortyk Gurievsky County Ural region.
At 12:00 am April 29, 1911 at bore number 3 in Dossor, where they spent their working Ural- Caspian society, from the depths to 732 pounds (1 pounds – 0,3048 m) broke gusher. From the fountain in the night to give 500 000–600 000 pounds of oil. (1, 86 pounds, 38 kg).
Fountain, constantly going for 30 hours, burned almost completely to 06.20 hours on April 30 weakens. May 1 to 15.30 days for the fountain cool, and the well was closed. The causes of delayed shut appear in the documents check the status of production from March 16, 1915. Drilling was carried out by Galicia, that is, have not previously been trained mine and conducted special pipe. Production well operation began with the number 3 October 3, 1911 [4, l 23].
In 1911, one of the wells on the Dossor gave 15,700 tons of oil. In 1912, the well number 3 gave 18,650 tons of oil. The number of wells in 1913 was 16, and they were extracted 117,640 tons of oil. In 1914, the same – 272,740 tons.
Foreigners working in oil and razvedovaniyu led off traditional ways of manual drilling and pulling. For the processing of oil in Dossor Rakusha pier on the shores of the Caspian Sea have been built two special plants for the crossing of oil, which produce 20 million pounds of kerosene. The first fruits of the plant gave in 1913 [5, 2–3 l].
In the development of the oil region scouting business district Makat doing 4 oil company: Ural-Caspian oil company since 1910 on a single shaft length of 649 m, Society «Emba» from 1913 on 4 wells 1,839,8 m, Emba-Caspian COMPANY 1913 at two wells at 824,3 meters, the company «Colchis» from 1913 on the same hole in the 750m. Results of hard work in the May 31, 1915 from a depth of 400 m, the well number 2, where the work led Emba-Caspian society was discovered oil gusher. Thus opened the historic page Makat oil field [6, l 8–9].
Makati field day gave 150–170 tons. In this regard, for the storage and collection of crude oil were built 10 tanks up to 1,265 pounds each.
In the history of nftyanogo region, prior to the establishment of Soviet power in the early mining was carried out only in plants Dossor and Makat. In other oil fields: in Karachungule, Eskene, Karaton and others, scouting – dril work lasted only until 1916. Later of – the financial failure all the works were stopped.
In the formation of the oil industry in Kazakhstan occupies a special place labor of foreign experts. One of them – the name of the Polish mining engineer Michael Vikentyevich Bogush remembers the story of the Emba oil. M.V. Bogush was born in 1877 in the province of Grodno. In 1898, after graduating from The train school in Vilna, he served on the railroad town of Gatchina. In 1907 he entered the St. Petersburg Mining Institute of Engineering and after it is sent to the oil Embu. M.V. Bogush, who served as an assistant geologist in the society «Colchis», May 20, 1914 due to the lack of local control at work L.I. Stenrossa, on the basis of trust letter of the Director of the oil company «Nobel Brothers» by M. Belyakina was appointed manager [7, p. 1–2].
While local workers, professionals in the community were the head of the drilling – 1, the master driller – 1 assistant master driller – 2, key chains – 16, braked – 9, Oilers – 16 working dril settings – 35, the driver of the machine shop – 1, his assistant – 1,2 blacksmith, electrician – 1 repairman – 4, the driver – 4–33 laborers, watchmen – 8, the control – 1, a geologist – 1–1 technician. They led M.V. Bogush.
In the difficult days of 1916–1920 years M.V. Bogush helped maintain production and material resources, the beneficial use of force workers who have returned from the war, helped the Workers’ Council, was in the best places in the implementation of public aid to local schools.
For the latest information about M.V. Bogusz stated in a telegram to the head of Azerbaijan’s oil industry Serebrovsky Emba oil company chief R.N. Fridmanu. The letter states that the February 11, 1922 in the hospital in Baku engineer M.V. Bogush died of fever [8, l 900].
In Emba society as a master drilling accepted Austrian Leonhard I. Longova and worked there until 1920 [9, l 48].
On that day, the local enterprise company is accepted accounting clerk native of Riga Latvian Charles Y. Kalnin, 1890 birth. In characteristic indicates that he graduated from the Riga School of Commerce, which is fluent in Russian, French, German, and are in Baku, he worked in the Russian – French company [10, L. 54].
At the time, received a master of drilling in the year about 1800 rubles, 900 rubles scorekeeper.
1915–1922 years in the field Dossor served Finnish engineer Vladimir Ioganovich Lindvall. He is a graduate of Freiburg Mining Academy of Engineering in Germany.
His wife, Anna Moyseevna Lindvall worked as head of the school in Dossor [11, 21–32 l].
Made a major contribution to the hard work of oil production plants Large Rakusha, and in the process of local people new business manager of the plant, the Greek engineer Rafael Dominikanovich Fabiani. R.D. Fabiani was hired Sept. 2, 1915 as the assistant director of the production, in 1916 he was appointed head of production [12, l5, 24].
At this time in Dossor worked master drill – Pole Jacob Verdak,
Head of the compressor station, a technician – German Hartmann technician – German Heinrich Laibach, Engineer – Englishman Alex Albertovich Etches and Mining Engineer – German Jan Bott [13, L. 32].